Naturalistic Observation

Naturalistic Observation – Researcher makes observations in a natural settings with summary and interpretation

Qualitative approach → inspiration of ideas
Wide array of information
In-depth description
- High external validity
- Low internal validity
- There are concerns with biases and reactivity
Interpretation of results
e.g., Jane Goodall and Chimpanzees
Focuses on naturally occurring behaviours and recorded in-depth
Researcher must immerse self into environment of study
Detailed notes, organise observations around themes

Issues in Naturalistic Observation

Whether to be participant in setting being studied
Non-participant observer – does not join group but observes
- Participants may become aware of observation
- Not as immersed in situation
Participant Observer – participates
- Might over sympathise with participants
Weather or not to use concealment
- Reactivity – When measure (observation) changes participant behaviour
- Concealed observation might be unethical
- People become used to being observed and may become used to situation
Defining scope of observation – what aspects to focus research on
- Limited in what we can write down
Difficult, inconvenient, time-consuming