- Variables must have 1 or more levels, either quantitatively or qualitatively measured
Nominal Scales (Categories) – Variables qualitatively different from one another
e.g., Gender, eye colour
Ordinal Scales – Scales that involve order, ranking levels of variable
e.g., Birth order, finish places in race
- Clear order/hierarchy in ranking
- Not sensitive to absolute different in position
Interval Scales – Makes use of real numbers, designate real amounts, reflect real differences in magnitude
- Separated by equal intervals, but no absolute zero (absence of measured variable)
- Cannot form ratios
Ratio Scales – With absolute zero to indicate absence of variables being measured
- Can form ratios with true zero
e.g., 110 kg is 10% heavier than 100 kg - Cannot have negative values
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